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The development and application of processing technology is closely related to the quality of Chinese medicine. Currently， Chinese medicine processing is still in the mechanization stage with limited processing equipment， low levels of automation and intelligence. As a result， the imprecise control of parameters during processing leads to unstable quality of Chinese herbal pieces. However， with the arrival of the big data era and the continuous development of "Internet+"， Chinese medicine processing technology and equipment have been continuously improved and updated， and gradually shifted to the development direction of automation and intelligence. The linkage production technology of Chinese herbal pieces optimizes the separate processing equipment coupling into the production line for continuous manufacture of Chinese herbal pieces， intending to improve production efficiency. The large-scale industrialized production of Chinese herbal pieces tends towards digital technology of processing experience and online inspection technology based on machine vision， electronic nose， and electronic tongue. These technologies are crucial prerequisites for standardizing the parameters of Chinese medicine processing. And further by docking the processing process and equipment with the internet， realizing the intelligent control of the production process is an important process for the transformation and upgrading of Chinese herbal piece industry in the future. In this paper， we summarized the development characteristics of different stages of Chinese medicine processing technology， combed application and development of processing theory， the evolution of processing equipment， and problems in the current industrial development stage of Chinese medicine processing， in order to provide ideas and methods for achieving digital and intelligent innovation of processing technology as well as high-efficient and high-quality production of Chinese herbal pieces.
RESUMO
Objective: To investigate the effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3[25(OH) D3,D3] on NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inflammatory response of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from diabetic rats. Methods: BMSCs were isolated from diabetic rats and identified by immunocytochemical staining. The cells were divided into diabetic control group (without D3 treatment),low concentration group(treated with 1 × 10-5 mmol /L of D3),intermediate concentration group(treated with 1 × 10-4 mmol /L of D3),and high concentration group(treated with 1 × 10-3 mmol /L of D3) (n = 10),BMSCs from normal rats were used as the normal control group(without D3 treatment). Inflammation-related proteins including NLRP3 in BMSCs were examined by western blot analysis. Results: The cultured cells expressed biomarkers of BMSCs. VDR expression in normal control,diabetic control and low concentration groups was less than that in intermediate concentration and high concentration groups(P ＜ 0. 05). Compared with all diabetc groups,normal control group expressed less NF-κB,NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,IL-1β,IL-18 and IL-6(P ＜ 0. 05). Additionally,diabetic control and low concentration groups showed stronger expression of NF-κB,NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,IL-1β,IL-18 and IL-6 than intermediate concentration and high concentration groups(P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusion: 25-(OH)2-D3 can inhibit the activation of NLRP3 in BMSCs and suppress the inflammatory response of BMSCs from the diabetic rats.
RESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Changes in the osteogenesis of diabetic rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) by the regulation of Lnk/stem cell factor (SCF)-cKit signaling were investigated.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>BMSCs were isolated from diabetic rats and identified by immunocytochemical staining. These cells were divided into the control group (untransfected group), negative control group (transfected with control plasmid), and RNA interference group (transfected with Lnk-targeting RNA interference plasmid). Western blot was performed to analyze the effect of interference. The BMSCs were induced for osteogenic differentiation under diabetic conditions, and Western blot was used to examine the expressions of Lnf, SCF, and cKit in Lnk/SCF-cKit signaling and osteogenic proteins alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), and collagen type I al (ColIal).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Isolated cells expressed CD₄₄ and CD₉₀ but not CD₁₁b or CD₄₅. This phenomenon was characteristic of BMSCs. Compared with other diabetic BMSCs, cells in the RNA interference group expressed low Lnk but high SCF and cKit (P < 0.05). Thereafter, 28 days after induction of osteogenic differentiation, cells in the RNA interference group expressed low Lnk but high SCF, cKit, ALP, OCN, and ColIal compared with other diabetic BMSCs (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The inhibition of Lnk expression and activation of SCF-cKit pathway may improve the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs under diabetic conditions.</p>